20163

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VERY BEAUTIFUL PIN!

CRUSADER CHRISTIAN ARMY CROSS TEUTONIC KNIGHT ORDER LAPEL PIN.

Highly detailed artwork. Solid genuine copper metal; rigid antique look; handsome aged patina color!

Perfect Lapel Pin size is measured 3/4" length x 11/16" width inches (20 mm by 17 mm). Hard enameled white cloisonne over solid copper metal. Standard mount- butterfly clutch back side attachment. Superb quality brand new well-made pin!

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THE TEUTONIC CROSS.

Comprised of four Tau Crosses, this form of cross was assigned to the knights of the Teutonic (Germanic) Order, founded by Emperor Henry VI as a hospital order in 1191, similar to the Templar and Hospitallers. By 1198, they became a religious military order of crusaders, first fighting in the Holy Land and later in Prussia and Lithuania.

Symbol of traditional heraldry the Cross Potent is formed by four four Tau Crosses (capital T�s) joined at their bases. The T shape resembles the handle of a crutch, therefore this cross symbolizes one whose support is the cross.

The cross potent is also sometimes called the Jerusalem cross because the insignia of Jerusalem, established by the Crusaders, consists of four small, square crosses in the spaces between the arms of a cross potent.

Teutonic Cross in heraldry is named a Potent Cross; potent meaning 'strong', and also an old word for 'support' and 'church'.


Crusades.

The Crusades were a series of religiously-sanctioned military campaigns waged by much of Latin Christian Europe, particularly the Franks of France and the Holy Roman Empire. The specific crusades to restore Christian control of the Holy Land were fought over a period of nearly 200 years, between 1095 and 1291. Other campaigns in Spain and Eastern Europe continued into the 15th century. The Crusades were fought mainly against Muslims, although campaigns were also waged against pagan Slavs, Jews, Russian and Greek Orthodox Christians, Mongols, Cathars, Hussites, Waldensians, Old Prussians, and political enemies of the popes. Crusaders took vows and were granted penance for past sins, often called an indulgence.

The Crusades originally had the goal of recapturing Jerusalem and the Holy Land from Muslim rule and were launched in response to a call from the Christian Byzantine Empire for help against the expansion of the Muslim Seljuk Turks into Anatolia. The term is also used to describe contemporaneous and subsequent campaigns conducted through to the 16th century in territories outside the Levant usually against pagans, heretics, and peoples under the ban of excommunication for a mixture of religious, economic, and political reasons. Rivalries among both Christian and Muslim powers led also to alliances between religious factions against their opponents, such as the Christian alliance with the Sultanate of Rum during the Fifth Crusade.

The Crusades had far-reaching political, economic, and social impacts, some of which have lasted into contemporary times. Because of internal conflicts among Christian kingdoms and political powers, some of the crusade expeditions were diverted from their original aim, such as the Fourth Crusade, which resulted in the sack of Christian Constantinople and the partition of the Byzantine Empire between Venice and the Crusaders. The Sixth Crusade was the first crusade to set sail without the official blessing of the Pope. The Seventh, Eighth and Ninth Crusades resulted in Mamluk and Hafsid victories, as the Ninth Crusade marked the end of the Crusades in the Middle East.